A comprehensive and well-organised list of vocabulary for IELTS Writing Task 2 arranged by CEFR levels (A1 to C2) — with a minimum of 30 words or phrases per level. This list will help students build their academic writing skills, argumentation, comparison, and analysis — all necessary for scoring high in Task 2.
CEFR A1 – Beginner Vocabulary (Basic words and phrases)
Vocabulary |
Example Sentence |
People |
People want a better life. |
Good |
Education is good. |
Bad |
Pollution is bad. |
Big |
Cities are big. |
Small |
Villages are small. |
Like |
Many people like watching TV. |
Don’t like |
Students don’t like exams. |
Many |
Many students use the internet. |
Some |
Some people travel by car. |
A lot of |
A lot of children play games. |
Important |
Health is important. |
Not important |
This is not important. |
Problem |
Traffic is a problem. |
Work |
People work every day. |
Job |
He has a good job. |
School |
School helps students learn. |
Teacher |
A teacher gives lessons. |
Student |
Students go to school. |
Time |
Time is important. |
Money |
Money is needed for travel. |
Family |
Family is important. |
Friend |
A friend helps you. |
Travel |
People travel in the summer. |
City |
Cities have many jobs. |
Car |
Cars make traffic. |
House |
People live in houses. |
Health |
Health is important. |
Life |
Life is hard in some areas. |
Food |
Fast food is common. |
Technology |
Technology is useful. |
CEFR A2 – High-Beginner Vocabulary (Simple academic vocabulary)
Vocabulary |
Example Sentence |
Environment |
We must protect the environment. |
Education |
Education helps people get jobs. |
Government |
The government should help poor people. |
Internet |
Many students use the internet for learning. |
Transport |
Public transport is cheaper. |
Pollution |
Pollution is a serious problem. |
Global |
Global warming is dangerous. |
Climate change |
Climate change affects our world. |
Online |
Online classes are helpful. |
Social media |
Social media is popular today. |
Improve |
We need to improve our schools. |
Increase |
Prices increase every year. |
Decrease |
We should decrease pollution. |
Cause |
Smoking causes health problems. |
Effect |
Pollution has bad effects. |
Job opportunities |
Cities have more job opportunities. |
City life |
City life is busy and stressful. |
Village life |
Village life is calm. |
Technology |
Technology makes life easier. |
Communication |
Mobile phones help communication. |
Modern |
Modern life is fast. |
Traditional |
Traditional food is healthier. |
Crime |
Crime rates are rising. |
Safety |
People want safety in cities. |
Healthcare |
Healthcare is important. |
Education system |
The education system needs reform. |
Economy |
The economy is growing slowly. |
Culture |
Culture brings people together. |
Language |
English is a global language. |
Tourism |
Tourism creates jobs. |
CEFR B1 – Intermediate Vocabulary (For developing arguments and ideas)
Vocabulary |
Example Sentence |
Advantage |
One advantage of online learning is flexibility. |
Disadvantage |
A disadvantage of city life is noise. |
Solution |
A possible solution is to build more schools. |
Problem-solving |
Problem-solving is a vital skill. |
Influence |
Media influences young people. |
Responsibility |
It is the government’s responsibility. |
Necessary |
It is necessary to act now. |
Benefit |
A benefit of studying abroad is learning a new culture. |
Challenge |
Climate change is a global challenge. |
Develop |
Students need to develop their skills. |
Opportunity |
Education gives more opportunities. |
Important |
It is important to invest in education. |
Harmful |
Smoking is harmful to health. |
Helpful |
Exercise is helpful for mental health. |
Expensive |
Private schools are expensive. |
Affordable |
Public healthcare should be affordable. |
Balanced |
A balanced diet is necessary. |
Effective |
Online education is an effective method. |
Improve |
We must improve our transport system. |
Access |
All students need access to the internet. |
Quality |
We need to improve the quality of education. |
Pressure |
Students face exam pressure. |
Time management |
Time management is essential. |
Employment |
Education increases chances of employment. |
Consumer |
Consumer habits are changing. |
Lifestyle |
A healthy lifestyle prevents disease. |
Population |
The population is growing fast. |
Public services |
Public services must be improved. |
Income |
Higher education leads to better income. |
Investment |
Investment in technology is essential. |
CEFR B2 – Upper-Intermediate Vocabulary (Complex academic writing vocabulary)
Vocabulary |
Example Sentence |
Infrastructure |
Urban areas need better infrastructure. |
Sustainability |
Sustainability is key for future generations. |
Legislation |
New legislation is needed to control emissions. |
Implement |
The government should implement new laws. |
Regulate |
We need to regulate social media usage. |
Innovation |
Innovation drives economic growth. |
Awareness |
Public awareness about recycling must be increased. |
Equitable |
Healthcare should be equitable for all. |
Prioritize |
We must prioritise education. |
Urbanization |
Urbanisation leads to housing issues. |
Automation |
Automation reduces the need for manual work. |
Inequality |
Economic inequality is a serious concern. |
Globalization |
Globalisation affects job markets. |
Incentive |
Tax incentives can boost clean energy use. |
Allocate |
Funds should be allocated to healthcare. |
Viable |
A viable solution must be considered. |
Justify |
It is hard to justify the cost. |
Consequence |
One consequence of pollution is poor health. |
Emphasize |
We must emphasise the importance of education. |
Statistics |
Statistics show rising crime rates. |
Correlation |
There is a correlation between education and employment. |
Proportion |
A large proportion of students study abroad. |
Promote |
Governments must promote tourism. |
Restrict |
Some countries restrict internet access. |
Distribute |
Resources should be distributed fairly. |
Evaluate |
We need to evaluate the policy’s impact. |
Criticize |
Some critics argue against this idea. |
Enforce |
Traffic rules should be enforced. |
Transition |
The transition to clean energy is slow. |
Consecutive |
Consecutive failures affect student confidence. |
CEFR C1 – Advanced Vocabulary (Academic tone and precision)
Vocabulary |
Example Sentence |
Detrimental |
Pollution has a detrimental effect on the environment. |
Mitigate |
Governments should take steps to mitigate climate change. |
Exacerbate |
Rising prices exacerbate inequality. |
Foster |
Education fosters critical thinking. |
Undermine |
Corruption undermines public trust. |
Controversial |
Abortion is a controversial issue. |
Holistic |
A holistic approach is required. |
Paradigm |
A shift in the education paradigm is happening. |
Disparity |
There is a disparity in income distribution. |
Feasible |
A feasible solution must be considered. |
Implication |
The implication of this decision is vast. |
Compulsory |
Education is compulsory in many countries. |
Violation |
Human rights violations must be addressed. |
Endorse |
Experts endorse this policy. |
Initiative |
Green initiatives are gaining popularity. |
Accountability |
Leaders must take accountability. |
Prevalent |
Online learning is now prevalent. |
Marginalize |
Rural populations are often marginalised. |
Advocate |
Many advocate for free education. |
Prohibit |
The law prohibits smoking in public. |
Integration |
Social integration is essential. |
Stimulate |
Lower taxes can stimulate growth. |
Rational |
A rational decision must be made. |
Transparency |
Transparency in governance is vital. |
Comprehensive |
A comprehensive policy is needed. |
Repercussion |
The war had global repercussions. |
Initiative |
The green initiative reduced plastic use. |
Efficiency |
Energy efficiency saves resources. |
Accountability |
Accountability improves public trust. |
Proactive |
We need a proactive approach to problems. |
CEFR C2 – Proficient Vocabulary (Native-like fluency, academic sophistication)
Vocabulary |
Example Sentence |
Alleviate |
The policy aims to alleviate poverty. |
Repercussion |
Economic recession has long-term repercussions. |
Disenfranchise |
Disenfranchised groups demand equal rights. |
Juxtapose |
The essay juxtaposes freedom and responsibility. |
Extrapolate |
We can extrapolate future trends from current data. |
Paradox |
There is a paradox in promoting freedom while restricting speech. |
Nuanced |
A nuanced approach is required. |
Connotation |
The term carries negative connotations. |
Ideology |
Political ideologies vary across nations. |
Conscientious |
A conscientious student always meets deadlines. |
Decentralize |
Power must be decentralised for efficiency. |
Constituency |
Politicians must listen to their constituencies. |
Precarious |
Many workers live in precarious conditions. |
Discourse |
The academic discourse around climate change is evolving. |
Manifest |
Social unrest may manifest in protests. |
Intertwine |
Technology and education are deeply intertwined. |
Redundant |
Some jobs become redundant due to AI. |
Empirical |
The argument is based on empirical evidence. |
Catalyst |
Education can be a catalyst for social change. |
Convergence |
The convergence of ideas leads to innovation. |
Ideological |
Ideological differences hinder agreement. |
Legitimate |
The concerns raised are legitimate. |
Multifaceted |
The issue is multifaceted and complex. |
Viability |
The viability of the plan is under review. |
Ramification |
The policy has serious ramifications. |
Ambiguity |
The law’s ambiguity causes confusion. |
Reaffirm |
The speech reaffirmed their commitment. |
Prevalence |
The prevalence of online fraud is alarming. |
Disseminate |
Media disseminates information rapidly. |
Arbitrary |
Arbitrary rules cause dissatisfaction. |
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