Determiner কি, কয় ধরনের? এর ব্যবহার এবং উত্তর সহ Exercise

Determiner হল এমন কিছু শব্দ, যা একটি noun এর পূর্বে বসে noun টির সংখ্যাগত বা নির্দিষ্ট অবস্থান প্রকাশ করে। এটি একটি বাক্যের structure গঠনে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। Noun এর পূর্বে বসে এটি noun টির প্রকারভেদ নির্ধারণ করে।

ডিটারমিনার এর ধরন

Determiner প্রধানত চার ধরনের হয়ে থাকে:

1. Articles (আর্টিকেলস):

Articles হলো “a,” “an,” এবং “the”।
– “A” এবং “An” হল indefinite articles, যা nonspecific noun বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
– “The” হল definite article, যা specific noun বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:
– “TalentHut is an IELTS training centre.”
– “He read the book I gave him.”

2. Demonstratives (ডেমনস্ট্রেটিভস):

Demonstratives হলো “this,” “that,” “these,” এবং “those”।
– “This” এবং “that” singular noun এর পূর্বে বসে।
– “These” এবং “those” plural noun এর পূর্বে বসে।

Example:
– “This book is useful for ESL students.”
– “Those people are attending an ELT workshop at TalentHut.”

3. Quantifiers (কোয়ান্টিফায়ার্স):

Quantifiers হলো “some,” “any,” “many,” “much,” “few,” “little,” ইত্যাদি।
এটি মূলত noun এর সংখ্যা বা পরিমাণ বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:
– “Few students can grasp the concept of IELTS in one go.”
– “I have some information about the new ESL course at TalentHut.”

4. Possessives (পসেসিভস):

Possessives হলো “my,” “your,” “his,” “her,” “its,” “our,” “their,” ইত্যাদি।
এটি মূলত ownership বা সম্পর্ক বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:
– “Her performance in the ELT class was outstanding.”
– “Their IELTS results were impressive.”

5. Interrogatives (ইন্টাররোগেটিভস):

Interrogatives হলো “which,” “what,” “whose,” ইত্যাদি।
– এটি সাধারণত প্রশ্ন তৈরির জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:
– “Which course should I take for IELTS preparation?”
– “Whose book is this on ESL techniques?”

Determiners ব্যবহারের নিয়ম

Determiners ব্যবহারের সময় নিচের নিয়মগুলো মেনে চলা উচিত:

1. Noun এর আগে Determiner বসবে:

Determiners সবসময় noun এর আগে বসে।
– Example:
– “An IELTS instructor is needed at TalentHut.”

2. Singular এবং Plural Noun এর জন্য ভিন্ন Determiner:

Singular noun এর জন্য “a,” “an,” “this,” “that” ইত্যাদি determiner ব্যবহার করা হয়। Plural noun এর জন্য “these,” “those,” “many,” “few” ইত্যাদি determiner ব্যবহার করা হয়।
– Example:
– “This ESL course is comprehensive.”
– “These ELT books are helpful.”

3. Definite এবং Indefinite Articles এর ব্যবহার:

“The” ব্যবহার করা হয় নির্দিষ্ট কিছু বোঝাতে এবং “a,” “an” ব্যবহার করা হয় অনির্দিষ্ট কিছু বোঝাতে।
– Example:
– “I have a question about the IELTS syllabus.”
– “The book on ELT is on the table.”

4. Possessive Determiners:

Possessive determiners কোন কিছু কার তা বোঝাতে ব্যবহার হয়।
– Example:
– “Her ESL class at TalentHut is very interactive.”
– “Our IELTS preparation is going well.”

5. Interrogative Determiners:

প্রশ্ন করার সময় interrogative determiners ব্যবহার করা হয়।
– Example:
– “Which IELTS book is best for beginners?”

Common Mistakes to Avoid

– Double Determiners:
এক বাক্যে একই সাথে দুটি determiner বসানো উচিত নয়।
– Incorrect: “The my book is on the table.”
– Correct: “My book is on the table.”

– Wrong Use of Articles:
Uncountable nouns এর আগে “a” বা “an” বসানো যাবে না।
– Incorrect: “A information about IELTS.”
– Correct: “Information about IELTS.”

Practice Exercise: Determiner Usage

Summary Completion Exercises on Determiners

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners to complete the summaries.

Exercise 1:

Determiners are words that appear before nouns to specify quantity, possession, or definiteness. Common determiners include articles like (1) ___, demonstratives such as (2) ___, and quantifiers like (3) ___. Possessive determiners such as (4) ___ show ownership, while interrogative determiners like (5) ___ are used in questions.

Exercise 2:

The article (1) ___ is used before words that start with a consonant sound, while (2) ___ is used before words that begin with a vowel sound. The definite article (3) ___ refers to something specific. For example, in the sentence “She read (4) ___ book,” if the book is known, we use (5) ___.

Exercise 3:

Demonstratives include words like “this,” “that,” “these,” and “those.” “This” is used for (1) ___ objects, while “that” is used for (2) ___ objects. When referring to plural objects, we use (3) ___ and (4) ___ respectively. In a sentence like “___ books are mine,” the correct determiner would be (5) ___.

Exercise 4:

Quantifiers express the quantity of something. Words like “many,” “few,” and “several” are used before countable nouns, whereas “much,” “little,” and “a lot of” are used before (1) ___ nouns. In the sentence “I have (2) ___ time to finish this task,” “time” is uncountable, so we use (3) ___.

Exercise 5:

Possessive determiners indicate ownership or association. Words like (1) ___, (2) ___, (3) ___, and (4) ___ show that something belongs to someone. For example, “She lost (5) ___ book.”

Exercise 6:

Interrogative determiners include words like “which,” “what,” and “whose.” These words are used to ask questions about a noun. In the sentence “(1) ___ book did you borrow?” the correct determiner is (2) ___. Similarly, “(3) ___ is your name?” would require the determiner (4) ___.

Exercise 7:

The word “some” is often used in positive statements, while (1) ___ is used in negative sentences and questions. For example, “I have (2) ___ friends in Dhaka,” but “I don’t have (3) ___ money on me.” In questions, you might ask, “Do you have (4) ___ advice on preparing for the (5) ___ exam?”

Exercise 8:

Determiners are crucial for sentence clarity. The difference between (1) ___ and (2) ___ can change the meaning of a sentence entirely. “A” suggests one of many, while (3) ___ refers to something specific. In “She needs (4) ___ advice,” if it’s not specific advice, we use (5) ___.

Exercise 9:

When using demonstratives, it’s essential to match the determiner with the number and proximity of the noun. “This” and (1) ___ are singular, while (2) ___ and (3) ___ are plural. For example, “(4) ___ is my book,” and “(5) ___ are my books.”

Exercise 10:

Articles, such as (1) ___ and (2) ___, and quantifiers like (3) ___ and (4) ___ play an important role in English grammar. For example, “I saw (5) ___ birds in the sky” uses “some” as a quantifier.

Exercise-11: নীচের বাক্যগুলোতে সঠিক determiner বসান

1. ___ (a/an/the) IELTS course at TalentHut is very popular.
2. ___ (this/these) ELT materials are highly recommended.
3. I need ___ (some/any) help with my ESL homework.
4. ___ (which/whose) book did you borrow for IELTS preparation?
5. He completed ___ (his/their) IELTS exam last week.

Exercise-12: নীচের বাক্যগুলোতে সঠিক determiner বসান

1. ___ students have attended the TalentHut seminar on ESL.
2. He gave me ___ book about IELTS techniques.
3. ___ is the best method for ELT?
4. They shared ___ materials for the IELTS exam.
5. ___ course is tailored to improve your ELT skills.

Answer Keys:

Exercise 1:

1. the
2. this
3. some
4. my
5. which

Exercise 2:

1. a
2. an
3. the
4. the
5. the

Exercise 3:

1. nearby
2. faraway
3. these
4. those
5. These

Exercise 4:

1. uncountable
2. little
3. little

Exercise 5:

1. my
2. your
3. his
4. her
5. her

Exercise 6:

1. which
2. which
3. What
4. what

Exercise 7:

1. any
2. some
3. any
4. any
5. IELTS

Exercise 8:

1. a
2. the
3. the
4. some
5. some

Exercise 9:

1. that
2. these
3. those
4. This
5. These

Exercise 10:

1. a
2. the
3. some
4. many
5. some

Exercise-11 Answers

1. The IELTS course at TalentHut is very popular.
2. These ELT materials are highly recommended.
3. I need some help with my ESL homework.
4. Which book did you borrow for IELTS preparation?
5. He completed his IELTS exam last week.

Exercise-12: Answers

1. Many students have attended the TalentHut seminar on ESL.
2. He gave me the book about IELTS techniques.
3. Which is the best method for ELT?
4. Some materials for the IELTS exam.
5. This course is tailored to improve your ELT skills.

Conclusion

Determiner এর সঠিক ব্যবহার একটি বাক্যের structure এবং অর্থ স্পষ্ট করতে সহায়তা করে। নির্দিষ্ট noun এর প্রকারভেদ নির্ধারণের জন্য determiner এর বিভিন্ন প্রকারভেদ গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। TalentHut এর ESL, ELT, এবং IELTS কোর্সের মতো context এ determiner এর সঠিক ব্যবহার আপনার ইংরেজি ভাষার দক্ষতা উন্নত করতে সাহায্য করবে।

 

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